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HOW TO DETERMINE PCV (PACKED CELL VOLUME)

The Packed Cell Volume (PCV) Test 1. Objective: This is one of the oldest tests done in medical practice. The objective of this test was to determine the percentage of red blood cells (RBCs) in whole blood. It  also helped to assess the blood’s capacity to carry oxygen. ________________________________________ 2. Principle: The test was based on the principle that when blood was centrifuged, the red blood cells settled at the bottom of the tube, forming a packed column. The ratio of the packed RBC column to the total blood column gave the packed cell volume (PCV), expressed as a percentage. ________________________________________ 3. Materials: • Microhematocrit capillary tubes • Microhematocrit centrifuge • Plasticine or sealing clay • Microhematocrit reader • Lancet • Alcohol swab • Cotton ________________________________________ 4. Procedure (Microhematocrit Method): 1. The fingertip was cleaned with an alcohol swab and pricked with a sterile lancet. 2. Blood was collected into ...
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HOW TO CLEAN YOUR EARS;AND HOW NOT TO

HOW TO CLEAN YOUR EARS; AND HOW NOT TO

Use of cotton buds on the ears Should be discouraged


If your problem isn’t serious, but you do feel like you have too much earwax buildup, you can gently clean the outside of your ears. 


It could be as simple as using a washcloth. You also can try putting a few drops of baby oil, hydrogen peroxide, mineral oil, or glycerin in your ear to soften the wax. Or you can use an over-the-counter wax removal kit.


Besides cotton swabs or any other small or pointy objects, don't use ear candles to clean your ears. 


Studies show they’re not effective and they can even cause injury. 


The reason we feel tempted to clean our ears is because of a substance called cerumen, commonly referred to as earwax. It is natural for your body to produce it, and it protects and lubricates your ears. Your ears would be itchy and dry if you didn't have earwax.


The cerumen even has antibacterial properties, which means your ears will clean themselves. Earwax acts as a filter for your ears, keeping harmful substances such as dirt and dust out and trapping them so they don't go deep inside.


Chewing and moving your jaw aid in the movement of old earwax from the ear canal to the ear opening. That's usually where it dries up and falls out. Earwax, on the other hand, is formed in the outer section of your ear canal rather than the deep part.


So the only reason you'd have an earwax blockage up against your eardrum is that you tried to clean your ears with a cotton swab – or something similar – and pushed the wax in deeper.


Other serious issues can arise from swabbing or sticking pointy objects inside your ear:


1. Infection


2. Eardrum rupture


3. Significant hearing loss e.t.c.


Should You Clean Your Ears?


Ideally, the answer is a NO.


Your ear canals shouldn’t need cleaning. But if too much earwax builds up and starts to cause symptoms or it keeps your doctor from doing a proper ear exam, you might have something called cerumen impaction.

This means earwax has filled your ear canal and it can happen in one or both ears.


The symptoms of cerumen impaction are:


1. Pain or a feeling of fullness in your ear


2. Feeling like your ear is plugged


3. Partial loss of hearing, which worsens over time.


4. Ringing in your ear, known as tinnitus.


5. Itching, discharge, or a smell coming from your ear.


This kind of earwax buildup is rare, but it can happen. But if you’re experiencing any of the symptoms listed above, don’t assume earwax is the problem.

Call your doctor. They can examine your ears and figure out the cause.


Your doctor can look into your ear canal with a special device and remove any earwax with small instruments, suction, or irrigation.



Methods for safely removing earwax


1. Request that your doctor removes the wax in his or her office.


2. With a damp cloth, clean the outside of your ear.


3. If you choose to use cotton swabs, avoid inserting them into the ear canal.


4. To soften earwax for easier removal, use an earwax softener.


5. To irrigate your ears(say with hydrogen peroxide), use a syringe under a physician's guidance.


©️ PUBLIC HEALTH ORBITAL

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